Everything Hour

Everything Hour What if everything you ever wanted isnt what you actually want? Our favorite and most popular book, Everything That Remains, is finally available as an unabridged audiobook read by our talented narrator, Justin Malik. Listen to Everything That Remains Listen to the first hour of this audiobook for free on YouTube, Facebook, or Soundcloud, or download the entire five-hour audiobook on: Audible iTunes Amazon If youd rather read the book, you can find the print and ebook versions here. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Analysis Of The Garden Of Eden - 978 Words

The painting chosen to examine is The Garden of Eden by Francesco Solimena. This painting was created between 1725-30. The medium of the painting is oil on canvas. The scale, although not specified, appears to be about a couple feet high and a couple feet long. The general subject matter is Adam and Eve in the garden of Eden. It seems to be before they have discovered the forbidden fruit. The figures seem to be embracing everything the garden has to offer, they seem content and comfortable in their own skin. In most paintings, Adam and Eve are covered up after eating the forbidden fruit, for they are shamed. The fact that they are shown in the nude most likely suggests that they still have their innocence. An important thing to note about†¦show more content†¦Immediately, my eyes are drawn to Adam and Eve, for they are the largest figures in the painting. All of the characters are stylized to the tune of what the artist wants, for his figures, including the animals, are show n as very muscular, not very naturalistic. This is similar to Michelangelo’s characters, he believed that the mans body is the pinnacle of god’s creation, using the male body as the body of all of his characters, men and women included. These figures are also similar to the Greeks, who were very focused on the human body. The color used in this painting is not too obvious, it seems like a pretty dark colored painting when first looking at it. After further examination, I started to notice more colors that are throughout the piece. There is blue, which is part of the angel’s garment. In religious paintings, blue often symbolizes a sort of heavenly grace. This blue is also seen in the sky surrounding the figures, perhaps another symbol suggesting that Adam and Eve still have their innocence, for they are surrounded by a heavenly grace. White is also seen in the painting, both as a part of the angel’s wings and the clouds in the sky. White often symbolizes p urity and innocence, yet another symbol that shows Adam and Eve have not yet been shamed from the garden. Another major color that stands out more than anything else is red, which is seen in the animals right next to Adam and Eve. This could possibly represent the presenceShow MoreRelatedGarden Of Eden Analysis1620 Words   |  7 PagesThe story Garden of Eden introduces the first man and woman that God created. He put the two of them in a garden where they did not have to provide for themselves. God said everything that was in that garden they could use to their abilities except the tree of good and evil. Everything was perfect until Eve let the Devil bribe her into eating from the tree. Once God found out, he came to the garden looking for them. When they heard his voice they hid. Here is where the alienation comes in. God hadRead MoreAnalysis Of The Garden Of Eden 1124 Words   |  5 PagesIn the traditional Church-inspired depiction of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, Eve is responsible for taking the fruit and tempting Adam. In contrast, Michelangelo shows egalitarianism by depicting both Adam and Eve being equally responsible. Adam and Eve are not interacting with each other but are both taking the forbidden fruit from the tree. By employing traditional Jewish imagery in his â€Å"Temptation and Expulsion of Adam and Eve†, Michelangelo promoted a revolutionary change to the relationshipRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Garden Of Eden 1521 Words   |  7 PagesPart A: †¢ Garden of Eden- Genesis 3:8 The Garden of Eden is what God made in order to place the first man ever created. God also grew beautiful tress in the garden, including the the tree of life and the three of knowledge of good and evil. †¢ Tower of Babel- Genesis 11:1-9 The Tower of Babel is a tower that was built in order to show that the people in the town can make a name for themselves, and not be moved all around different places on Earth. The top of the tower was built to reach heaven. †¢Read MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Garden Of Eden 1915 Words   |  8 PagesUpon entering the Garden of Eden, one will find a bountiful place where two naà ¯ve humans reside. Eden’s beauty surpasses the imaginable; it contains crystal rivers, friendly animals, and trees bearing wondrous fruit. Adam and Eve live under the care of God. Dwelling in this beautiful garden free from sin allows one to assume that Adam and Eve are created pure and good. However, free will prevents the pair from remaining sinless. Humans are not pure because of their ability to choose. Milton believesRead MoreAnalysis Of Fritz Lang s Metropolis And The Garden Of Eden 1955 Words   |  8 PagesFreder, in a lush garden surrounded by a harem of beautiful and scantily clad women. This scene was likened to the Garden of Eden by Jerold J. Abrams in The Dialectic Enlightenment in Metropolis (167), as Freder is happy and innocent while inside it, and knows nothing other than the heavenly world he was given. Ironically though, what leads to his â€Å"casting out† of the garden, is not a devilish figure, but rather an angelic one. He first spots Maria who takes children to the garden, referring to theRead MoreAnalysis Of Enuma Elish s The Garden Of Eden Essay2327 Words   |  10 Pages.. There was nothing ... nothing but Old Father Apsu and Mummu-Tiamat, Mother of All Living. This describes a series of Gods that were created and later gained wisdom leading to a similarity to Genesis presenting the tree of knowledge in the Garden of Eden and so says: Increasing in wisdom, in understanding and in ...strength. Apsu planned to destroy the gods to form a universe of order in a chaotic world. Ea is another god who kills Apsu to prevent what he had planned. Genesis also describes aRead MoreThe Use of Symbolism in Rappaccinis Daughter1295 Words   |  6 Pagesimagination, analysis, and poetic wording. His short stories are known for their originality and for their ability to provoke the readers thoughts. Although a large portion of his stories are allegories, Hawthornes preference is to draw more heavily on symbolism (Pennell 13). His use of symbols adds depth to his stories and helps to reveal different aspects of his characters. In Rappaccinis Daughter, Hawthorne uses symbolism to create a modern day tale of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. ThereRead MoreThe Sacred Space And Sacred Spaces Forged By The Divine1582 Words   |  7 Pages36). Using a comparative analysis of biblical texts and scholarly articles, this paper will discuss how a sacred space, specifically Jerusalem, manifests itself through God’s choosing. Therefore Jerusalem is the holy dwelling place of the divine, because God chose it through his application of multiple hierophanies and his establishment of axes mundi within the city’s walls. Jerusalem as a sacred dwelling place is reflected though its similarities to the Garden of Eden, where God created the firstRead MoreHuman Sin in Boschs Garden of Delights Essay1569 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Sin in Boschs Garden of Delights Hieronymus Bosch, a Nertherlandish painter is known for his fantastic visual interpretations of hell, death sin and folly. Little is known about Bosch except that he spent his life in the provincial town of sHertogenbosch and that he died an old man in 1516. His work, full of weird and seemingly irrational imagery has proved so difficult to interpret that much of it despite the remarkable insights contributed by recent research, remains unsolved. This studyRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Great Gatsby 1579 Words   |  7 Pagestherefore his literature demonstrates it’s religion. For example, when Giovanni, the medical student, is observing Doctor Rappaccini’s garden. The first thing he notices is all the great vegetation. As he continues observing, he sees Rappaccini is touching the plants with gloves and he is being very careful not to inhale its fragrance. He wonders if this garden is the Eden of modern times in the following passage: Nevertheless, in spite of the deep intelligence on his part, there was no approach to intimacy

The Film Glory By Edward Zwick - 1200 Words

Neiel Edmonds Professor Jackson 1 Dec 2014 African American History Glory Essay The film Glory by Edward Zwick is one of the most well-known films of all time. The film itself is solely based upon the first formal unit of the Union Army during the American Civil War which consist of all African American men. They were essentially the very first unit of United States Colored Troops. They were formally known for their courageous attempts to and actions at Fort Wagner in 1863. The film is set in many different locations such as New York, Maryland, South Carolina and Massachusetts. In each of these different locations events took place that shaped our history. For example on November twenty seventh of 1862 Robert Shaw started to train soldiers. July eighteenth 1863 the Colonel Shaw and his troops attempted to take Fort Wagner, which didn’t succeed. The film has many characters that actually made a difference in history. Four major characters were Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, Pvt. Trip, Sgt. Maj. John Rawlins and Cpl. Thomas Searles. Colonel Shaw served as the Commander of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. He also serves as great leader to his troops. Pvt. Trip was a soldier of the 54th Regiment. Seen to other soldiers as a smart mouth trouble maker because of his background. Sgt. Maj. John Rawlins started as a grave digger for wars then moved up to a non-commissioned officer. After volunteering for the 54th regiment he was promoted by Major Cabot Forbes. He had toShow MoreRelatedThe 1989 Film Glory, Directed by Edward Zwick Essay801 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica because they wanted to have slaves so they work do the work for them. By Abraham Lincoln being president, new law of not having slaves, and seven states seceding, the Civil War begun between the north and the south. The 1989 film Glory, directed by Edward Zwick, is a classic Civil War based on the history of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Regiment, which is for former slaves and free black men. Colonel Robert Shaw headed the Regiment, Major Forbes was his assistant, and they worked togetherRead More Edward Zwicks Film, Glory Essay1353 Words   |  6 PagesEdward Zwicks Film, Glory â€Å"Glory†, the excellent war film about the first black regime, showed how a group of black men who first found bitterness between each other, rose above it and became one to form a group of black men that marched with pride not animosity. When dealing with a great film that involves African Americans, the roles have to be filled by strong black actors. Edward Zwick falls nothing short of this. The two black roles are filled by Denzel Washington and Morgan Freeman. ThisRead MoreConflict In Animal Farm883 Words   |  4 Pagesaspects of conflict so that that the responder gains a wider understanding of the overall effects on humanity. George Orwell’s allegorical novella Animal Farm portrays how power has the potential to provoke social conflict. On the contrary, Edward Zwick’s film Glory reveals how ones relationships can be strengthened through conflict. When individuals in power are corrupted by the greed associated with their position, inequalities inevitably arise within society. The abuse of power by individualsRead MoreEssay on Glory, by Edward Zwick 1248 Words   |  5 Pagesdisaster. The film Glory is no exception to this attempt at maintaining an equilibrium of fact and fiction. There are numerous mistakes in the film, and graded on this fact alone the film deserves at best a â€Å"C.† Directed by Edward Zwick and starring Matthew Broderick, Denzel Washington, Cary Elwes, and Morgan Freeman, Glory was released to theaters in 1989. It received wide critical acclaim and garnered various award nominations, including several Academy Award nominations and wins. The film recountsRead More Ed Zwick’s Glory - An Exemplary Model for Historical Films Essay example2155 Words   |  9 PagesZwick’s Glory - An Exemplary Model for Historical Films â€Å"History, I am convinced, is not just something to be left to the historians.† - Warren Susman [1] From a critic’s point of view, what is there not to scrutinize when a white, Jewish filmmaker is responsible for a historical film about African-Americans during the Civil War? One which happens to have a brave young Boston Brahmin as the supposed leader of a colored battalion? Surely he does not have the license to create a film basedRead MoreExamples Of Conflict In Animal Farm1319 Words   |  6 PagesRussian Revolution and demonstrates that the desire for power corrupts the human condition, leading to the deterioration of society. It also exhibits that the abuse of language is instrumental in manipulating the ignorant to gain power. Edward Zwick’s movie Glory provides an insight into the story behind a group of persecuted African-American men, who show determination to be permitted to fight for their country. It demonstrates that relationships allow individuals to overcome their inner conflictsRead MoreHistory vs. Hollywood: Glory1633 Words   |  7 PagesGlo ry: Hollywood vs. History Glory is a movie about the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, one of the first official all black units in the United States during the Civil War. It’s an inspirational story of how a young Union soldier, Robert Gould Shaw, is offered the chance to lead an army unit that will change not only his life, but the lives of many other Americans. Glory does a great job of capturing many of the feelings towards the black soldiers during the Civil War. The film is based offRead MoreThe Civil War in the Film Glory Essay832 Words   |  4 Pagesthe most horrific times in our nation’s history, yet it was a typical and normal thing for the people of the 19th century. The film, Glory (1989), directed by Edward Zwick, doesn’t necessarily depict the horrors of slavery, however it does show 19th century America’s attitude toward African Americans, as well as the average African American’s hunger for freedom. The film begins with its protagonist, Colonel Shaw, being found by gravedigger John Rawlins (who later becomes a soldier in the Civil War)Read MoreEssay about Hollywoods Take on the Civil War1911 Words   |  8 PagesThe film, Gone with the Wind became a cultural phenomenon after its release in 1939. The Civil War based film follows the storyline of Scarlett O’Hara. The lead heroine is dealt wit h the hardships of love as well as the destruction of her town. Set in the South, the movie stresses the community’s devotion to the confederacy. After its box office success, many historians believed that the film had a strong influence on America’s perception of the Civil War. That influence being a backing attitudeRead MoreRacism in Film Essay2717 Words   |  11 PagesRacism in Film Throughout the history of film in the United States, the depiction of race has only changed slightly. Although, the display of various races in film is pertinent to the specific time period in which the film was made, films have, for the most part, always portrayed white superiority over other races. People of color have traditionally been presented in a negative way (if presented at all) that helps to maintain the status quo where whites are at the top of the social hierarchy. A

How the Sun Affects the Weather Free Essays

ASTR 1020 August 31, 2011 â€Å"How the Sun Affects the Weather† Our sun is a massive nuclear fusion reactor that generates astonishing amounts of energy. The sun is the largest body in our solar system. It has a gravitational pull causing all other objects in the solar system to orbit it. We will write a custom essay sample on How the Sun Affects the Weather or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since the sun is in the neighborhood of the earth this gives the results of a greater gravitational effect on earth. â€Å"Warmth for the planet is provided primarily by the sun’s energy. The rate of energy coming from the sun changes from day to day. At an average distance from the sun 93 million miles† (Ahrens 4). The energy from the sun affects many things here on earth. One of the main things the sun does is warm our planet, including the atmosphere. This energy drives our weather we see daily. Temperature fluctuation the sun generates can be associated to every weather phenomenon on earth and can be traced back to the sun. All planets have an atmosphere, a layer of gases that surrounds them. The Sun’s atmosphere is made up of hydrogen, while Earth’s is made up primarily of nitrogen and oxygen. Carbon dioxide, ozone, and other gases are also present. These gases keep our planet warm and protect us from the direct effects of the Sun’s radiation. Without this regulation, Earth could not sustain life. To understand the weather you need to understand the layers of the atmosphere. The layers of the atmosphere from the surface rising upward are troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. We live in the troposphere layer, this is where the air temperature normally decreases with height, and contains all of the weather we are familiar with. Most of the clouds you see in the sky are found in the troposphere, and this is the layer of the atmosphere we associate with weather. Extending up to 10 miles above Earth’s surface, the troposphere contains a variety of gases: water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and others. These gases help retain heat, a portion of which is then radiated back to warm the surface of Earth. In the stratosphere is where most of the gas ozone is found. The coldest layer in the atmosphere is the mesosphere and the warmest atmospheric layer is the thermosphere. Then we get to the region where atoms and molecules shoot off into space in the exosphere, which signify the upper limits of our atmosphere. A greenhouse gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation withing the thermal infrared range. The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Greenhouse gases greatly affect the temperature of the Earth; within them, Earth’s surface would be on average of about 33 degrees Celsius or 59 degrees Fahrenheit colder than present temperature. The earth being tilted at 23. 5 degrees on its axis and revolving around the sun makes the earth’s heat unevenly giving us different climate and weather. â€Å"The tilt causes annual variation in the amount of sunlight that strikes the surface as well as variations in the length of time the sun shines at each latitude† (Ahrens 73). The sun heats up the equatorial regions more than the poles, so the earth has to develop circulations to distribute the heat. This keeps the equator from getting hotter and the poles from getting colder. This is the way the earth balances out its unequal distribution of heat. With the earth’s rotation this causes the wind pattern to form east -to-west. Weather as a whole comes down to the universal circulation of cold and hot air. The sun has the greatest impact on the lower stratosphere with the impact of ultraviolet light from the sun assist in changing temperature. â€Å"Lower to mid stratosphere is heated greatly due to the ozone layer†¦ ozone absorbing large quantities of dangerous solar energy†¦ he absorption causes the warmup from 20km to 50k. The middle and upper troposphere is indeed very important for stability processes. The hotter the surface temps and the colder the mid and upper tropospheric temps†¦ the more instability†¦ and the stronger updrafts and stronger storms† (Haywood). Here are several examples: The sun warms up air, the area encompassing this warm air creating a warm front. Many weather developments will occur when a warm fro nt meets up with a cold front. Ocean’s, lakes, and soil surfaces are warmed by the sun causing warm air to rise in the atmosphere. The warm air meets up with colder air causing it to condense and produce clouds that could create hail, snow, or rain. Sun warm up air over the sea near the equator and this warm air will rise creating a cloud. Cold air will then replace the warm air that has lifted and collides creating spiraling turbulence known as a hurricanes. Sun produces warm air then it abruptly turns cold; this creates pressure and uproar which whips up a tornado. Sun warms up the earth’s surface and this warm air will expand and rise, as it rises the air will then cool and descend. This up and down cycle of rising warm air and descending cool air will generate wind. There are many factors when it comes to weather but the main key to the weather equation is the heating from the sun for weather to occur. The sun plays a vital role in our daily lives and weather. Works Cited Ahrens, C. Donald. Meterology Today. Belmont: Brooks/Cole, 2009. 9th ed. Haywood, Lee. Meterologist with WSAV/Instructor ASSU. How to cite How the Sun Affects the Weather, Essay examples

Public Schools vs Private Schools

Introduction Comparing private and public schools can be more or less like comparing oranges and apples, two very disparate things that can never be held on similar standards. Choosing the best school for your child is one of the most important decisions parents have to make for their children but most parents rely on rumors and hearsay in deciding on whether to send their children to a private or a public school.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Schools vs Private Schools specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The best ways to determine whether you are making the right decision for your child is by visiting the school and asking for clarification from teachers for all your queries. What school your youngster attend to is a personal decision which is greatly determined by the family values, special needs of the kids, his mannerisms and interests. This essay critically compares the differences and similarities, ad vantages and disadvantages and the issues that a rise in both private and public schools that affects the education of the children mainly preschool kids the its effects they on the kids future life. Close comparison of public and private schools Statistics show that some time back private school used to do better than public schools but recently this gap has been narrowing and making it harder for parents to choose between a private independent school with a high price tag on it, from a local public school which is relatively cheaper (Diana, 2006). According to Maureen ( 2011, pp.10) public schools usually have larger class sizes due to the fact that they are required to admit every child who meets the qualifications set by the government. This offers an advantage to the pre-school children by improving their communication and socializing skills since they interact with more children from different races, cultures and social classes. However, large classes are also disadvantageous in that it reduces the ratio of teachers to students and this tends to limit the teacher’s concentration on students hence limiting the children’s there performance. The average ratio of teachers to students in public schools is 1:17while in private schools its 1:9. Private schools on the other hand are very selective in terms of their admissions. Some schools cannot admit students from certain religions, races or even economic status. This tends to reduce the population of private schools. Some of the long term effects to children attending privately owned pre-schools are poor socializing skills due to the low population size and similar social classes, religion and lack of diverse cultures   (Robert, 2011, pp4).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Public schools are cheaper and they are funded by the government and some of them are usually underfunded. They are a part of the large school system which is part of the government and this makes them vulnerable to the political influence hence exposes them to political vulnerabilities which if experienced affects their performance. The economic status of the country and the government also greatly affects the operations of public schools. Their curriculum is determined by the government and as you know different regions face different challenges hence the need for different curriculum to meet the different needs. (GreatSchools, 2010, pp.5) Private schools on the other hand charge a higher tuition fee which is the major source of its funds. This makes them independent and protects them from the political realm hence they are free to determine their own curricula which is usually single minded, producing best results by providing the best quality of education possible (Eddie , 2011, pp.4) In cases of children with special needs public schools usually have special programs and specially trained teachers wh o are well trained to work with such children. In contrast most private schools lack these programs and they are sometimes forced to deny such kids admission to their institutions and sometimes these services may be offered at an extra cost. Conclusion Is the question about which schools are better, private or public schools, answered yet? I bet not since there are no clear conclusions since they both have advantages and disadvantages as we have seen. In a nut shell the best school for ones child depends on the values, mannerisms, family, back ground, needs and interests of both the parents and the children. In other words one man’s meat is another man’s poison. References Diana, J. S. (2006).  Public Schools Perform Near Private Ones in Study. Web. Eddie, R. (2011). Pre School Education:Private Schools Vs PublicSchools. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Schools vs Private Schools specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/pag e Learn More Great Schools Staff. (2010).  Private versus public.  Web. Maureen, B. (2011). Public vs. private: Which is right for your child? Web. Robert, N. (2011). Private vs Public  Schools: Class Size. Web. This essay on Public Schools vs Private Schools was written and submitted by user Mr.X to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Common Mistakes in English for ESL Learners

Common Mistakes in English for ESL Learners Common mistakes are mistakes that even native speakers make on a regular basis. The most common of these common mistakes include its or its, two, to or too, would of instead of would have, and more. The best way to not make these common mistakes is to become familiar with them through a wide variety of examples.​ You can use each of these pages as a starting point to practice not making these common mistakes in the future. Each page has a clear explanation with example sentences. Each common mistake page is followed by a quiz to help you check your understanding. Here are a few suggestions for how you can use these pages to reduce these common mistakes. Remember that each language has its own common mistakes. Some Common Mistakes Top Five Common Writing Mistakes in EnglishGood vs. WellBring, Take, Fetch, GetDifference Between From and OfEveryone / Every OneEveryday / Every DayWhether / IfEnoughA Little, Little, A Few, FewA Lot, Lots Of, A Lot OfFemale - Feminine / Male - MasculineIts vs. ItsTwo, Too, ToTheyre, Their, ThereYoure vs. YourConfusing WordsSince vs. ForHave vs. Of in ConditionalsHas gone to vs. Has been toThen vs. ThanDouble NegativesSo do I, Neither did ISo ... that, such ... thatBoth ... and, neither ... nor, either ... or Improving Common Mistakes Make sure to completely understand the common mistake. Look at the examples and ask yourself if you have made these common mistakes. Think about reading, writing and speaking and how they influence each other. For example, the common mistake would of rather than would have is often made because of the way would have sounds in connected speech. In other words, when people speak quickly they run the words together and the form would have SOUNDS like would of. When people then go to write this form they think back to what they have heard and make the common mistake of writing would of. NOT CORRECT! - He would of come to the party if he had had time.CORRECT - He would have come to the party if he had had time. Take time to write down the common mistakes on a piece of paper or in a separate document on your computer. Spend the time to write five or more sentences practicing the correct form of the common mistake in question. Take the time to really think about the mistake when practicing. Chances are you will never make the mistake again! Listen to / read other people for these common mistakes. Once you understand the common mistake, start listening to other people or reading their texts. Can you spot the common mistakes they make? How Many Common Mistakes Are There? You might wonder how many common English mistakes exist. Thats a difficult question to answer. There are certain mistakes made in grammar, common mistakes made in pronunciation, and there are many common mistakes made because of confusing words. Are Common Mistakes Bad? Common mistakes are mistakes. However, its (not its!) important to remember that the most important thing about using a language is communication. If you are able to communicate in English you are on the road to success. If you make a few common mistakes, you can certainly correct those mistakes. Will People Understand Me if I Make a Common Mistake? Generally, but not always, people will understand you if you make a common mistake. Context (what is happening around the situation) often makes it clear what you really mean. People fill in the blanks, understand that you mean something else, etc. Have confidence and try to eliminate common English mistakes, but make sure to continue speaking and writing English as much as you can!

Universal and Diagnostic Screening in Setting SLO Goals

Universal and Diagnostic Screening in Setting SLO Goals Teacher evaluation programs require that teachers set student learning objectives (SLOs) using data that can help target instruction for the academic school year. Teachers should use multiple sources of data in developing their SLOs in order to demonstrate student growth over an academic school year. One source of data for teachers can be found in the data that is collected from screening in Response to Intervention (RTI) programs. RTI is a multi-tier approach that allows educators to   identify and then support students with specific learning and behavior needs. The RTI process begins with the use of a universal screen   of all students.   A  universal screen  is an assessment which has already been determined to be a reliable assessment of a specific skill. Universal screens are designated as those assessments that are: Accessible to all studentsGiven to all studentsSkill and concept specific  Easy to administer and scoreQuick turn-around time (1-3 days) of aggregated and disaggregated data to classroom teachersRepeatableReliable (Note: A â€Å"teacher-made† assessment cannot be referred to as reliable if it has not been analyzed by a psychometrician) Source: State of CT, Department of Education, SERC Examples of universal screens used in education at the secondary level are:  Acuity,  AIMSweb, Classworks, FAST, IOWAs, and STAR; some states, such as NY, use the DRP as well. Once the data has been reviewed from universal screening, educators may want to use a  diagnostic screen  to measure students understanding of a subject area or skills base  after a universal screen has revealed specific areas of strength or weakness for a student.   The characteristics of diagnostic assessments are that they are: Given to selected students  Reliable   Valid  (Note: A â€Å"teacher-made† assessment cannot be referred to as reliable or valid if it has not been analyzed by a psychometrician) Source: State of CT, Department of Education, SERC Examples of diagnostic assessments include  Behavior Assessment Scale for Children (BASC-2); Childrens Depression Inventory, Connors Rating Scales. NOTE: Some results may not be shared for the purposes of developing SLOs for the classroom teachers, but may be used for education specialists such as school social worker or psychologist. The data from universal screens and diagnostic screens are critical components of the RTI programs in schools, and this data, when available, can help in refining developing teacher SLOs. Of course, teachers may create their own benchmark assessments to act as a baseline. These benchmark assessments are used frequently, but because they are often teacher created they should be cross-referenced with universal and diagnostic screens if available. Teacher created materials are imperfect or may even be invalid if students underperform or if skills are incorrectly accessed. At the secondary level, teachers may look at quantitative  data  (expressed in numbers, measurable)  from prior years: Standardized test results (State, SAT, ACT, NAEP);Report card grades (letter value or percentage);Attendance records. There may be qualitative  data  (expressed in description, observable)  also in the form of recorded observations by teacher(s) and  support staff or in prior report card comments.This form of comparison through multiple measures that are qualitative and quantitative is called triangulation: Triangulation  is the process of using multiple data sources to address a particular question or problem and using evidence from each source to illuminate or temper evidence from the other sources. In triangulating data to develop a SLO, a teacher make an informed decision on the student learning objectives that to help improve either an individual student or group of students performance.     All of these forms of assessment including those from the prior year, which may include universal or diagnostic screens, can provide teachers with the data to begin to develop well-informed SLO goals at the beginning of the school year in order to target instruction for multi-tiered student improvement for the entire academic year.